A military conflict where countries are willing to make any sacrifice of lives and resources to win completely.¹

The belief that a country should keep a strong military and be ready to use it aggressively to gain power.²

Acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.³

Certain acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population.⁴

A euphemism for women and girls forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.⁵

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or economic control.⁶

The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.⁷

The alliance of nations fighting against the Axis, primarily the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and China.⁸

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, held to prosecute Japanese war criminals after World War II.⁹

A system where individuals are forced into sexual acts against their will, often under threat of violence.¹⁰

The 1937 mass killing and rape of Chinese civilians by Japanese troops in the city of Nanking (now Nanjing).¹¹

A secret Japanese biological and chemical warfare research unit that conducted deadly human experiments.¹²